Physical Topology in Computer Network

The term "topology" in computer networks stands for the arrangement or layout of different network elements (like computers, cables, switches, and routers).

Two Main Types of Topology:

• Physical Topology – Actual physical connections between devices (wires, cables, layout).
• Logical Topology – The path data follows within the network (can differ from physical).

Physical Topology

Physical topology refers to the actual physical layout of devices (like computers, switches, routers) and cables in a computer network.

• It is about how devices are placed and connected via cables or wireless links.
• It doesn’t describe data flow — that’s handled by logical topology.

Types of Physical Topologies:

type of topology

1.Mesh

• All devices connected to all.
• Expensive
• Very reliable

2.Star

• All connected to hub.
• Easy to manage.
• Hub failure affects all.

3.Bus

• One main cable
• Cheap, simple
• Cable failure breaks all

4.Ring

• Loop
• Predictable data flow
• One failure breaks loop

5.Tree

• Hierarchical
• Scalable
• Complex

6.Hybrid

• Mixed types
• Flexible
• Design is complex